Neumann wrote a paper entitled 'The general and logical theory of automata' for the Hixon Symposium in 1948. As he developed this design, von Neumann came to realize the great difficulty of building a self-replicating robot, and of the great cost in providing the robot with a 'sea of parts' from which to build its replicant. This design is known as the kinematic model. : 1 Von Neumann's initial design was founded upon the notion of one robot building another robot. At the same time, John von Neumann, Ulam's colleague at Los Alamos, was working on the problem of self-replicating systems. Stanislaw Ulam, while working at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1940s, studied the growth of crystals, using a simple lattice network as his model. The rules continue to be applied repeatedly to create further generations. Each generation is a pure function of the preceding one. The first generation is created by applying the above rules simultaneously to every cell in the seed, live or dead births and deaths occur simultaneously, and the discrete moment at which this happens is sometimes called a tick. The initial pattern constitutes the seed of the system. Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors becomes a live cell, as if by reproduction.Any live cell with more than three live neighbors dies, as if by overpopulation.Any live cell with two or three live neighbors lives on to the next generation.Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbors dies, as if by underpopulation.At each step in time, the following transitions occur: Every cell interacts with its eight neighbors, which are the cells that are horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent. The universe of the Game of Life is an infinite, two-dimensional orthogonal grid of square cells, each of which is in one of two possible states, live or dead (or populated and unpopulated, respectively). It is Turing complete and can simulate a universal constructor or any other Turing machine. One interacts with the Game of Life by creating an initial configuration and observing how it evolves. It is a zero-player game, meaning that its evolution is determined by its initial state, requiring no further input. The Game of Life, also known simply as Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. For Conway's surreal number game theory, see Surreal number.Ī single Gosper's glider gun creating gliders A screenshot of a puffer-type breeder (red) that leaves glider guns (green) in its wake, which in turn create gliders (blue) ( animation)

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